Video Explanation

AIM:

PHOTOGRAPHY OF WRITING ON UNUSUAL SURFACES.

1. Camera

2. Notebook

3. Pen

4. Different Types Of Surfaces Like Door, Body, Floor Etc.

THEORY:

Crime-scene photographs have great value in their ability to show the layout of the scene, the position of evidence to be collected, and the relation of objects at the scene to one another. Photographs taken from many angles can show possible lines of sight of victims, suspects, or witnesses. An accurate description of the scene must be available to investigators for future analysis. Photography is also important for documenting biological evidence in its original condition, as this kind of evidence is often altered during testing. Photographs cannot stand alone, however, and they are complementary to notes and sketches.

Crime-scene investigators use a digital camera, such as the digital single-lens reflex camera in figure 2–3, to document crime scenes, and digital photography is rapidly becoming the method of choice in the field of forensic science. A digital photograph is made when a light-sensitive microchip inside a digital camera is exposed to light coming from an object or scene. A digital camera captures light on each of millions of tiny picture elements called pixels. The light is recorded on each pixel as a specific electric charge using a charged coupled device (ccd) or complementary metal oxide semiconductor (cmos). The camera reads this charge number as image information, then stores the image as a file on a memory card. The number of pixels used to capture light is directly related to the resolution of the picture. Resolution is defined as the minimum distance that must separate two objects in order for them to be viewed as distinct objects. The lower the distance needed, the greater the resolution of the photograph. Photographs of increasingly higher resolution show more and more detail and sharpness.

The most important prerequisite for photographing a crime scene is for it to be unaltered. Unless injured people are involved, objects must not be moved until they have been photographed from all necessary angles. If objects are removed, positions changed, or items added, the photographs may not be admissible as evidence at a trial, and their intended value will be lost. If evidence has been moved or removed before photography, the fact should be noted in the report, but the evidence should not be reintroduced into the scene in order to take photographs.

QUESTION DOCUMENT

Forensic document examination is the study of physical evidence, and physical evidence cannot lie. Only its interpretation can err. Only the failure to find it, or to hear its true testimony can deprive it of its value.

THE EXAMINATION OF A DOCUMENT IS CONDUCTED TO DETERMINE:

• Its Origin, I.E., Where Did The Document Come From?

• Its Production Source, I.E., What Person Or Machine Produced It?

• Its Production Process, I.E., How Was It Made?

• Its Inscription, I.E., What Has Faded Or Been Obliterated?

• Its Chastity, I.E., What Changes, If Any, Have Been Made To It?

• Its Integrity, I.E., Is It Genuine Or False?

• Its Legitimacy, I.E., Is It An Original Or A Reproduction, And If So, What Generation?

Handwriting is an acquired skill and clearly one that is a complex perceptual-motor task, sometimes referred to as a neuromuscular task. The hand is an extremely complex and delicate mechanism, containing some 27 bones controlled by more than 40 muscles. Handwriting identification is based on two accepted premises or principles and a corollary to one of them.

First: habituation.

Writing habits are neither instinctive nor hereditary but are complex processes that are developed gradually. Handwriting, or indeed footwriting, mouth writing, or typewriting, is a neuromuscular behavior that develops as an acquired perceptual-motor skill. It involves successively higher stages of integration as learning proceeds.

Second: the individuality or heterogeneity of writing

To every individual, nature has given a distinct sort of handwriting, as she has given him a peculiar countenance, voice and manners.

PRINCIPLE:

Photography Is The One Tool Which Can Record The Entire Scene As It Is And Help In The Reconstruction Of The Scene. Also, The Significance To Analyse The Writings In Unusual Surfaces Where Other Writing Analysis Cannot Be Performed, Photography Is The One Method For Analysis.

PROCEDURE:

1. Barricade The Crime Scene And Use Crime Scene Tape Or Anyother Separating Article To Distinguish And Separate The Area Of Crime Scene.

2. Use A Dslr Camera Already Adjusted To The Crime Scene With Functional Focused Lens.

3. There Are 3 Types Of Photography Performed. The First Is For The Entire Scene Of Crime In This The Camer Is Placed Perpendicular To The Crime Scene, Close Up Photography Is One Done On Individual Evidneces Found On The Crime Scene Capturing Just The Evidence & Scale Photography, This Is Done By Keeping A Measuring Scale Parallel To The Evidence In Order To Take Measurement Of The Evidence.

4. For Writing Both Close Up & Scale Photography Is Done.

5. Complete Writing Is Taken In The Photographs As Well As Related Objects Or Surfaces Are Captured.

6. Each Photograph Is Securely Taken And Sent For Analysis & Observation.

OBSERVATION:

Following Photographs Were Taken From The Crime Scene:

WRITING-1

WRITING-2

WRITING-3

WRITNG-4

WRITING-5

WRITING-6

“a picture is worth a thousand words and it is especially true in crime scene photography.” Crime scene investigation begins with photographing each room at the scene by clicking as many photographs of the corpus delicti and keeping the best ones out of a set of clicks for future reference. With latest high-end dslr cameras, taking many shots and selecting best ones later has come handy. Interior photographs depicting the conditions of the room, articles left at the scene, trace evidence such as cigarette butts, tool marks, impressions of shoe prints and blood stained soil samples left behind, signs of activity prior to the occurrence, such as the telephone receiver off the hook or wires cut, playing cards orderly stacked or scattered, tv and lights turned on, food in cooking stages, coffee cups, drinking glasses or liquor bottles, time watch and clock stopped should be recorded on film for later reference.

PRECAUTIONS:

1. Barricade the scene properly and avoid any entry inside until photography is completed to safe the scene from contamination.

2. Photography should be done by a good lens camera.

3. Scale photography should be done precisely.

RESULT:

The photography was done & photos were analysed.

Ms. DIKSHA MEHRA

Member of AFRS